BSE SENSEX - A HISTORY

BSE Sensex or Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index is a value-weighted index of 30 stocks started in April, 1984. It consists of the 30 largest and most actively traded stocks, representative of various sectors, on the BSE. These companies account for around one-fifth of the market capitalization of the BSE. The base value of the sensex is 100 on April 1, 1979, and the base year of BSE-SENSEX is 1978-79. At regular intervals, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) authorities review and modify its composition to make sure it reflects current market conditions. The index is calculated based on a free-float capitalization method; a variation of the market cap method. Instead of using a company's outstanding shares it uses its float, or shares that are readily available for trading. The free-float method, therefore, does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by company insiders. The index has increased by over ten times from June 1990 to the present. Using information from April 1979 onwards, the long-run rate of return on the BSE Sensex works out to be 18.6% per annum, which translates to roughly 9% per annum after compensating for inflation.

Sensex milestones
Here is a timeline on the rise and rise of the Sensex through Indian stock market history.
1000 - July 25, 1990 - On July 25, 1990, the Sensex touched the four-digit figure for the first time and closed at 1,001 in the wake of a good monsoon and excellent corporate results.
2000 - January 15, 1992 - On January 15, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 2,000-mark and closed at 2,020 followed by the liberal economic policy initiatives undertaken by the then finance minister and current Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh.
3000 - February 29, 1992 - On February 29, 1992, the Sensex surged past the 3000 mark in the wake of the market-friendly Budget announced by Manmohan Singh.
4000 - March 30, 1992 - On March 30, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 4,000-mark and closed at 4,091 on the expectations of a liberal export-import policy. It was then that the Harshad Mehta scam hit the markets and Sensex witnessed unabated selling.
5000 - October 11, 1999 - On October 8, 1999, the Sensex crossed the 5,000-mark as the BJP-led coalition won the majority in the 13th Lok Sabha election.
6000 - February 11, 2000 - On February 11, 2000, the information technology boom helped the Sensex to cross the 6,000-mark and hit and all time high of 6,006.
7000 - June 21, 2005 - On June 20, 2005, the news of the settlement between the Ambani Brothers boosted investor sentiments and the scrips of RIL, Reliance Energy, Reliance Capital and IPCL made huge gains. This helped the Sensex crossed 7,000 points for the first time.
8000 - September 8, 2005 - On September 8, 2005, the Bombay Stock Exchange's benchmark 30-share index – the Sensex - crossed the 8000 level following brisk buying by foreign and domestic funds in early trading.
9000 - December 9, 2005 - The Sensex on November 28, 2005 crossed 9000 to touch 9000.32 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange on the back of frantic buying spree by foreign institutional investors and well supported by local operators as well as retail investors.
10,000 - February 7, 2006 - The Sensex on February 6, 2006 touched 10,003 points during mid-session. The Sensex finally closed above the 10,000-mark on February 7, 2006.
11,000 - March 27, 2006 - The Sensex on March 21, 2006 crossed 11,000 and touched a peak of 11,001 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time. However, it was on March 27, 2006 that the Sensex first closed at over 11,000 points.
12,000 - April 20, 2006 - The Sensex on April 20, 2006 crossed 12,000 and touched a peak of 12,004 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time.
13,000 - October 30, 2006 - The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed 13,000 for the first time. It touched a peak of 13,039.36 and finally closed at 13,024.26.
14,000 - December 5, 2006 - The Sensex on December 5, 2006 crossed 14,000.
15,000 - July 6, 2007 - The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed 15,000 mark.
16,000 - September 19, 2007 - The Sensex on September 19, 2007 crossed the 16,000 mark.
17,000 - September 26, 2007 - The Sensex on September 26, 2007 crossed the 17,000 mark for the first time.
18,000 - October 9, 2007 - The Sensex on October 09, 2007 crossed the 18,000 mark for the first time.
19,000 - October 15, 2007 - The Sensex on October 15, 2007 crossed the 19,000 mark for the first time.
20,000 - October 29, 2007 - The Sensex on October 29, 2007 crossed the 20,000 mark for the first time.
21,000 - Jan 08, 2008 - The Sensex on January 08, 2008 touched all time peak of 21078 before closing at 20873.

Happy Country - Essay written by Vaibhav - My Son

When every Indian is happy then India is happy, when no one sleeps hungry then India is happy, when we respect each other then India is happy.
Every time we think that what we have got from our country, we never think what we have given to the country or what is our contribution for the development of the country. Let us sit and brood for a while, if J.R.D. Tata had also thought the same way of getting something from the country, how could we have those industries and steel plants which have formed the very base of industrializing India, first airlines in the form of Air India and aircraft industries etc. etc. The answer to this question is very simple, as he didn’t thought the way we people think so and ultimately the result is before us. Every one knows what is the moral responsibility of his or her i.e. to respect our elders and to love our Youngers, not to tell lies but these are only the printed words in the books or the ethical words for giving speech to others.
The question here is that what do we do for our country and the society. Only printed words and knowledge will not make a happy country until and unless we do not implement our ethics or good behaviour in our daily lives and works.
People need a good environment and peace in the country, good relations between neighbours, good governance and uncorrupt politicians. After all a peaceful environment provides good people and a happy country. Unemployment, corruption and violence are the major issues today.
The people should know their roles and responsibilities and should also know their rights and duties delegated by the constitution. The government should provide the basic necessities of food, clothing and shelter to all the people and should provide good education to all irrespective of their religions. The government should take rigid action against terrorism and the persons supporting it.
Communalism and Casteism is the main hurdle in the path of development. We should not discriminate people; steps should be taken to eradicate poverty. Security should be tight, then only India will be regarded as a Happy And A Well Developed Nation.
The old politicians must retire and give way to youngsters. We know that there are many such corrupt politicians and police officers. We know that the system was thick of dirt. We know that there are many tainted persons controlling the system. The election commission is slowly and steadily trying to clean the source of this dirt. All we need now is acceleration. We need the people in the authority to pin these hooligans who wear a mask of nation-builders and regulators to be punished as early as possible. Let there be no delay.
We have to first understand the most important and essential things necessary for any developing country. A healthy tree needs water, oxygen, sunlight and minerals to grow. If any of these things is inappropriate, the health of the tree suffers. If the tree is equated to a country, I would equate water, oxygen and sunlight to Defence, Law And Order and Education. Like the oxygen, water, sunlight and minerals to a tree, so is the importance of a strong Defence, an effective policing and judiciary and good education to a country. Take away any of them the country will not survive…it will perish.
I have always believed that identification of people through caste and religious sects is a very wrong divide in the society. These man-made identifiers are indelible and remained labeled throughout the lives of the people. We must not forget the fact that we all are humans, we have the same blood, flesh and bones. Then why are we different from each other? Why should one lo0k down upon others simply on the basis of caste, religion, colour of skin etc?
In India many people are still unemployed who don’t have enough money to spend for their food even. Despite of the technological advancement the country still faces the severity of poverty. When so many people are living below the poverty line then how can we dream of emerging as a great power in the world’s arena. Many people are still deprived of the basic necessities food, clothing and shelter which gives rise to discontentment and the result of which cam be seen in the form of dacoities, kidnappings etc.
Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam through his vision 2020 has given a call to the Indians to cooperate to make India a developed nation by 2020. All the people who wanted to see India on the path of progress and prosperity are happy at this declaration. Today the country needs zealous and enthusiastic thinking combined with the age-old moral values and scientific attitude and development which can play an important role in making India a developed nation as their shouldn’t be any compromise with the core values and development as thought by TATA, then only India will be regarded as a HAPPY COUNTRY.

“Thinking is wasting our time, therefore let us do good and make our country in all spheres i.e. social, economical and technological by following the slogan –
“Jai Jawan" "Jai Kisan" "Jai Vigyan"
or
"It is not how much you do, but how much love you put in the doing."

Film with Most Number of Songs

Madan Theatres' Indra Sabha with 71 songs is the film with most number of songs. The film was made in 1932 and the director of the film was J.J. Madan. The plot of the film revolves around a benevolent king whose moral character is tested by celestial powers. They cause an apsara (a fairy) to appear before the king as a fallen woman begging for mercy. Indra Sabha was based on a play written by Sayed Aga Hasan Amanat. The film had two singers Master Nissar and Jehanara Kajjan. The other cast of the film included Abdul Rehman Kabuli and Mukhtar Begum.

Largest Cave in India

Amarnath Cave in Jammu & Kashmir is the largest cave in India. The width of the cave is around 40 yard, its height is about 75 feet; and the cave slopes 80 feet deep down inside the mountain. Amarnath Cave is an important pilgrimage shrine for the Hindus. The cave is famous for the image of Shiva, in the form of a lingam that is formed naturally of an ice-stalagmite, and which waxes and wanes with the moon. Amarnath Cave is situated at an altitude of 3888m and is 45 km from Pahalgam. The trek from Pahalgam to Amarnath cave is on an ancient peregrine route. The 45-km distance is covered in four days, with night halts at Chandanwari, Sheshnag and Panchtarni.

Highest Gateway in India

Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway in India. Buland Darwaza was built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1601 A.D. at Fatehpur Sikri to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. Buland Darwaza is 53.63m high and 35 meters wide. The structure is approached by 42 steps. Buland Darwaza is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and inlaying of white and black marble. The Buland Darwaza is semi octagonal in plan and is topped by pillars and chhatris. It is adorned with calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran. There are thirteen smaller domed kiosks on the roof, stylized battlement and small turrets and inlay work of white and black marble. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwaza displays Akbar's religious broad mindedness. It is attributed to Jesus Christ and reads, "The World is but a bridge, pass over but build no houses on it." A Persian inscription on eastern arch way of the Buland Darwaza records Akbar's conquest over Deccan in 1601 A.D

First Indian SEZ

Kandla Special Economic Zone (KASEZ) in Gujarat was the first Indian SEZ. It was set up in 1965 and in fact KASEZ was the first SEZ to be set up in Asia. Kandla SEZ is also the largest multi-product SEZ in India, spread over 1.2 sq miles. Kandla SEZ is located just 9 km away from the modern-all-weather Indian port of Kandla. India was one of the first countries in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports. To overcome the shortcomings experienced on account of the multiplicity of controls and clearances; absence of world-class infrastructure, and an unstable fiscal regime and with a view to attract larger foreign investments in India, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000.

BULLETIN BOARD

#Sign on a railway station at Patna:
Aana free, jaana free,pakde gaye to khana free.
#Seen on a bulletin board:
Success is relative...More the success, more the relatives.
#Sign at a barber's saloon in Juhu, Bombay:
We need your heads to run our business.
#A traffic slogan:
Don't let your kids drive if they are not old enough - or else theynever will be...
#Sign in a restaurant:
All drinking water in this establishment has been personally passed by the manager...
#THE BEST ONE BY INDIAN ARMED FORCES:
Its God's responsibility to forgive the terrorist organizations suchas Jaish, Lashkar etc. It's our responsibility to arrange the meeting between them and God.

FAMILY PROBLEM

Two men met at a bus stop and struck up aconversation.

One of them kept complaining of family problems.

Finally, the other man said:"You think you have family problems? Listen to mysituation.

A few years ago, I met a young widow with a grown-updaughter.We got married and got myself a stepdaughter.Later, my father married my stepdaughter.That made my stepdaughter, my step-mother.And my father became my stepson.Also, my wife became mother-in-law of her father-in-law. Much later the daughter of my wife, my stepmother, had a son.This boy was my half-brother because he was my father's son. But he was also the son of my wife's daughter which made him my wife's grand-son.That made me the grand-father of my half-brother. This was nothing until my wife and I had a Baby. Now the half-sister of my son, my stepmother, is also the Grandmother.This makes my father, the brother-in-law of my child, whose stepsister is my father's wife, I am my stepmother's brother-in-law, my wife is her own child's aunt, my son is my father's nephew and I am my OWN GRANDFATHER.

And you think you have FAMILY PROBLEMS.

CORPORATE BHAGAWAD GEETHA

Hey PARTH,

Increment nahin mila, bura hua

Salary cut ho raha hai, bura ho raha hai

Retrenchment hoga, wo bhi bura hi hoga

Tum pichhla review na hone ka paschataap na karo

Tum agle review na hone ki chinta na karo

Recession chal raha hai...

Tumhare pocket se kyagaya jo tum rote ho ?

Tum company ke liye kya business laye the jo tumne kho diya ?

Tumne aisa kaun sa product banaya tha jo fail ho gaya ?

Tum koi experience le kar nahin aaye the...

Jo experience liya company se liya...

Jo project kiya company ke liye...

Degree le kar aaye, experience lekar chale jaoge...

Jo function aaj tumhara hai, Wo kal kisi aur ka tha...

parson kisi aur ka hoga...

Tum ise apna samajh kar kyon magan ho rahe ho

Hey Paarth, Yahi khushi tumhare tension ka kaaran hai...

Kyon wyarth tension lete ho, kis se wyarth darte ho

Kaun tumhein nikaal sakta hai ?

Policy change to company ka rule hai

Jise tum policy change kehte ho, woh to Management ki trick hai...

Ek pal mein tum Increment ke baare mein sochte ho

Doosre hi pal mein tum stipend par aa jate ho...

Review, increment etc. etc. sab mann se hataa do

Vichar se mita do, phir company tumhari hai, tum company ke ho...

Na yeh increment wagerah tumhare liye hain,

Na tum iske kabil ho, Parantu job secure hai,

aisa socho phir tumhein tension kyon hoga ?

Tum apne aap ko Company ko arpit kar do

Yahi sabse bada Golden Rule hai...

Jo is Golden Rule ko janta hai

Wo review, incentive, recession, retrenchment aadi

Bhramon se Sada sarvada muqt hai.

Chal UTH, Kaam Kar, Promotion Ki Chinta mat kar Parth..

Karm hi Tera Bhagya hai...

Morning Prayer

When I say Good Morning I mean to say:

G -od O-ffers us His O -utstanding D –evotion to
M -ake us O- bedient & R -eady for a N -ew day with Him. I -nspire others please, & N -ever forget G -od loves you !

Awesome IQ...

1.Some guy bought a new fridge for his house. To get rid of his old fridge, he put it in his front yard and hung a sign on it saying: 'Free to good home. You want it, you take it.' For three days the fridge sat there without even one person looking twice at it. He eventually decided that people were too un-trusting of this deal. It looked too good to be true, so he changed the sign to read: 'Fridge for sale $50.' The next day someone stole it!

2.One day I was walking down the beach with some friends when someone shouted....'Look at that dead bird!' Someone looked up at the sky and said...'where?'

3.I was hanging out with a friend when we saw a woman with a nose ring attached to an earring by a chain. My friend said, 'Wouldn't the chain rip out every time she turned her head?' I had to explain that a person's nose and ear remain the same distance apart no matter which way the head is turned...

4.I couldn't find my luggage at the airport baggage area. So I went to the lost luggage office and told the woman there that my bags never showed up. She smiled and told me not to worry because she was a trained professional and I was in good hands. 'Now,' she asked me, 'Has your plane arrived yet?'... (I work with professionals like this.)

5.While working at a pizza parlour I observed a man ordering a small pizza to go. He appeared to be alone and the cook asked him if he would like it cut into 4 pieces or 6. He thought about it for some time before responding. 'Just cut it into 4 pieces; I don't think I'm hungry enough to eat 6 pieces.

MERA BHARAT MAHAAN

We couldn't help making this comparison.
Inches of rain in new Orleans due to hurricane Katrina... 18
Inches of rain in Mumbai (July 27th).... 37.1
Population of new Orleans... 484,674
Population of Mumbai.... 12,622,500
Deaths in new Orleans within 48 hours of Katrina... 100
Deaths in Mumbai within 48hours of rain… 37.
Number of people to be evacuated in new Orleans... entire city, wohh
Number of people evacuated in Mumbai... 10,000
Cases of shooting and violence in new Orleans... Countless
Cases of shooting and violence in Mumbai… NONE
Time taken for US army to reach new Orleans... 48hours
Time taken for Indian army and navy to reach Mumbai... 12hours
Status 48hours later...new Orleans is still waiting for relief, army and electricity
Status 48hours later…Mumbai is back on its feet and is business is as usual
USA...world's most developed nation
India...third world country.

Father and Children

HOW A SON or DAUGHTER THINKS OF HIS/HER FATHER AT DIFFERENT AGES
At 4 Years : My daddy is great.
At 6 Years : My daddy knows everybody.
At 10 Years: My daddy is good but is short tempered and knows little less than my friend's Daddy.
At 12 Years : My daddy was very nice to me when I was young.
At 14 Years : My daddy is getting fastidious.
At 16 Years : My daddy is not in line with the current times. Frankly he does not know anything.
At 18 Years : My daddy is becoming increasingly cranky.
At 20 Years : Oh! Its becoming difficult to tolerate daddy. Wonder how Mother puts up with him.
At 25 Years : Daddy is objecting to everything. Don't know when he will understand the world.
At 30 Years : It's becoming difficult to manage my son. I was so scared of my father when I was young.
At 40 Years : Daddy brought me up with so much discipline. I wonder how he managed to handle the younger generation.
At 45 Years : I am baffled as to how my daddy brought us up.
At 50 Years : My daddy faced so many hardships to bring us up. (We were four brothers and sisters). I am unable to manage a single son.
At 55 Years : My daddy was so far sighted and planned so many things for us. Even at this old age, he is able to control things. He is one of his kind and unique.
At 60 Years : My daddy was great.
Thus, it took 56 years to complete the cycle and come back to the 1st stage!So.................................Realise it in time.

Marketing Lecture at IIM

1. You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" - That's Direct Marketing
2. You're at a party with a bunch of friends and see a gorgeous girl. One of your friends goes up to her and pointing at you says: "He's very rich. Marry him." - That's Advertising.
3. You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and get her telephone number. The next day, you call and say: "Hi, I'm very rich. Marry me." - That's Telemarketing.
4. You're at a party and see gorgeous girl. You get up and straighten your tie, you walk up to her and pour her a drink, you open the door (of the car)for her, pick up her bag after she drops it, offer her ride and then say:"By the way, I'm rich. Will you marry me?" - That's Public Relations 5. You're! at a party and see gorgeous girl. She walks up to you and says: "You are very rich! Can you marry ! me?" - That's Brand Recognition.
6. You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" She gives you a nice hard slap on your face. - That's Customer Feedback.
7. You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and say: "I am very rich. Marry me!" And she introduces you to her husband. - That's demand and supply gap.
8. You see a gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and before you say anything, another person come and tell her: "I'm rich. Will you marry me?" and she goes with him - That's competition eating into your market share.
9. You see and gorgeous girl at a party. You go up to her and before you say: "I'm rich Marry me!" your wife arrives. - That's restriction for entering new markets

How to ask your Boss for a salary increase ?

One day you send a letter to your boss asking for an increase in your salary !
Dear Bo$$,
In thi$ life, we all need $ome thing mo$t de$perately. I think you $hould be under$tanding of the need$ of u$ worker$ who have given $o much $upport including $weat and $ervice to your company .
I am $ure you will gue$$ what I mean and re$pond $oon.

Your$ $incerely,

The next day, you received this letter of reply :
Oh my dear,

I kNOw you have been working very hard. NOwadays, NOthing much has changed. You must have NOticed that our company is NOt doing NOticeably well as yet . NOw the newspaper are saying the world`s leading ecoNOmists are NOt sure if the United States may go into aNOther recession. After the NOvember presidential elections things may turn bad. I have NOthing more to add NOw. You kNOw what I mean.

Yours truly,

Classic Definitions & Cool Meanings

1. Cigarette : A pinch of tobacco rolled in paper with fire at one end & a fool at the other.
2. Love affairs : Something like cricket where one-day internationals are more popular than a five day test.
3. Marriage : It's an agreement in which a man loses his bachelor degree and a woman gains her master
4. Divorce : Future tense of marriage
5. Lecture : An art of transferring information from the notes of the lecturer to the notes of the students without passing through "the minds of either".
6. Conference : The confusion of one man multiplied by the number present.
7. Compromise : The art of dividing a cake in such a way that everybody believes he got the biggest piece.
8. Tears : The hydraulic force by which masculine will-power is defeated by feminine water-power ...
9. Dictionary : A place where divorce comes before marriage.
10. Conference Room : A place where everybody talks, nobody listens & everybody disagrees later on.
11. Ecstasy : A feeling when you feel you are going to feel a feeling you have never felt before.
12. Classic : A book which people praise, but do not read.
13. Smile : A curve that can set a lot of things straight.
14. Office : A place where you can relax after your strenuous home life.
15. Yawn : The only time some married men ever get to open their mouth.
16. Etc. : A sign to make others believe that you know more than you actually do.
17. Committee: Individuals who can do nothing individually and sit to decide that nothing can be done together.
18. Experience : The name men give to their mistakes.
19. Atom Bomb: An invention to end all inventions.
20. Philosopher : A fool who torments himself during life, to be spoken of when dead.
21. Diplomat : A person who tells you to go to hell in such a way that you actually look forward to the trip.
22. Opportunist : A person who starts taking a bath if he accidentally falls into a river.
23. Optimist : A person who while falling from Eiffel Tower says in midway "See I am not injured yet."
24. Pessimist :- A person who says that O is the last letter in ZERO, Instead of the first letter in word OPPORTUNITY.
25. Miser : A person who lives poor so that he can die rich.
26. Father : A banker provided by nature.
27. Criminal : A guy no different from the rest... except that he got caught.
28. Boss : Someone who is early when you are late and late when you are early.
29. Politician : One who shakes your hand before elections and your Confidence after.
30. Doctor : A person who kills your ills by pills, and kills you with his bills.
31. Computer Engineer : One who gets paid for reading such mails... ( Sorry for this one - please excuse me for hurting you )

7 don'ts after a meal

1.Don't smoke - Experiment from experts proves that smoking a cigarette after meal is comparable to smoking 10 cigarettes (chances of cancer is higher).
2.Don't eat fruits immediately - Immediately eating fruits after meals will cause stomach to be bloated with air. Therefore take fruit 1-2 hr after meal or 1hr before meal.
3.Don't drink tea - Because tea leaves contain a high content of acid. This substance will cause the Protein content in the food we consume to be hardened thus difficult to digest.
4.Don't loosen your belt - Loosening the belt after a meal will easily cause the intestine to be twisted & blocked.
5.Don't bathe - Bathing will cause the increase of blood flow to the hands, legs & body thus the amount of blood around the stomach will therefore decrease. This will weaken the digestive system in our stomach.
6.Don't walk about - People always say that after a meal walk a hundred steps and you will live till 99. In actual fact this is not true. Walking will cause the digestive system to be unable to absorb the nutrition from the food we intake.
7.Don't sleep immediately - The food we intake will not be able to digestproperly. Thus will lead to gastric & infection in our intestine

Who works for India?

The population of India is 100 crores
But 19 crores are retired
That leaves 81 crores do the work
There are 25 crores in school which leaves 56 crores to do the work
Of this there are 22 crores employed by the Central Govt leaving 34 crores to do the work
4 crores are in the Armed Forces which leaves 30 crores to do the work
Take away from above total the 20 crores people work for State Governments (State Government employees officially do not work!)
and that leaves 10 crores to do the work
Total unemployed are 8 crores and that leaves 2 crores to do the work
At any given time there are 1.2 crore people in hospitals,
leaving 80 lakhs to do the work Now, according to Indian Statistical Institute, there are 79,99,998 people are in prisons throughout the country
That leaves just 2 people to do the work
You and me!!!
And currently YOU are sitting at your computer reading my blogSo I am, the only person in our country who is working!
And that is why India is surviving!!!
Now, please log out and do your job because, for a change, I want to rest. And I don't want India to suffer because of that!

A Minute

They say it takes a minute to find a special person, an hour to appreciate them, a day to love them, but then an entire life to forget them.

15 Things You Probably Never Knew or Thought About

1. At least 5 people in this world love you so much they would die for you.
2. At least 15 people in this world love you in some way.
3.The only reason anyone would ever hate you is because they want to be just like you.
4. A smile from you can bring happiness to anyone, even if they don't like you.
5.Every night, SOMEONE thinks about you before they go to sleep.
6.You mean the world to someone.
7.If not for you, someone may not be living.
8.You are special and unique.
9.Someone that you don't even know exists loves you.
10.When you make the biggest mistake ever, something good comes from it.
11.When you think the world has turned its back on you, take a look: you most likely turned
your back on the world.
12.When you think you have no chance of getting what you want, you probably won't get it, but
if you believe in yourself, probably, sooner or later, you will get it.
13.Always remember the compliments you received. Forget about the rude remarks.
14.Always tell someone how you feel about them; you will feel much better when theyknow.
15. If you have a great friend, take the time to let them know that they are great.

HOME TRICKS

While washing silk sarees add a little lemon juice. The colour won't fade and it will give a glossy finish. To remove the marks in furniture's, scratch with the paste made from ash of cigar and vinegar.
Cleaning the furniture with shoe polish will lend an excellent sheen to it.
The furniture becomes more bright and shiny if it is cleaned with the cloth dipped in strong tea.
Apply some wax or soap on the sides of the drawer for easy movement.
The furniture becomes more shiny if it is cleaned with mixture of olive oil and vinegar.
The gold will become more brighter if it is cleaned in pumpkin juice.
To remove the stain of wine from cloth clean that portion with the cloth dipped in soda.
To remove the stain of henna from the cloth, dip the cloth in warm milk for half an hour and wash with soap.
To remove ink stain from clothes, rub the area with a cotton bud soaked in eau-de-cologne.
While mopping the floor add two teaspoons of salt to the water to keep flies at bay.
To remove stains from utensils, add bleaching powder in a tub of water and dip the utensils before washing with detergent.
Used mosquito mats is an excellent blotting agent.
To keep a vaccum flask clean and odour free, fill up half the flask with vinegar, hot water and pieces of egg shell.
If two stamps stick together, keep it in a freezer for some time and peal them out.
Vinegar is an excellent cleanser for glassware
To prevent silver fish from attacking your clothes, keep a few 'kalonji' seeds tied in a muslin cloth in your cupboard.
Soak your silver articles in tamarind water for 30 minutes and wash off with fresh water, if you want them to shine like new.
To remove mud and mud strains from clothes, rub the affected area with potato stock and wash it with water.
To remove the tea stains from the vessels, take some water and add 2 teaspoon sodium bicarbonate and boil it. After some time, wash the vessel with detergent.
To remove lipstick stain, apply Vaseline on that portion and wash it with soap after some time.
To sharpen a sewing machine needle, stitch through a piece of sand paper.
Keep the water in your flower vase odourless for along time put a piece of charcoal in it.
Rub toothpaste over the fine scratches on glassware. It acts as a slight abrasive and smoothens out the area.
Soften hardened shoe polish with a few drops of white spirit.
Instead of scratching off candle wax from an object, hold the object close to a flame or some source of heat for a few seconds till the wax melts away.
Clean dust particles and dirt from your steel or iron sieve by holding it over the fire for some time. After the grime burns to soot and falls off, wash with soap and water. Your sieve will look better and shine like a new.
To soften a tight leather shoe, apply some curd on their inner surfaces at night.
'Agarbatti.' ash can be used to clean silver and brass articles.
In order to keep away the termites and insects from your bookshelves, keep few pieces of sandalwood.
Hardened glue becomes soft and useable again if you add some glycerin and warm water to it .
To remove the stains from white foot wear, soak a small cotton wool in nail polish remover and rub briskly on your foot wear.
Use a few drops of after shave lotion to get rid of a stubborn dirt from shoes.
Clean the silverware with dry ash or common salt for shiny appearance.
To clean your diamond ornaments, soak it in water for 15 minutes, add some washing powder and boil for 7 to 8 minutes and wash it in running water.
Put some bits of lemon peels in the pressure cooker while cooking, the cooker will remain white inside.
To remove the chewing-gum stuck to the floor, clean it with a little kerosene.
Nail polish remover is excellent for removing stains from bone china.
Diamonds will regain their luster if you rub a piece of chalk over them and wipe clean with a soft dry cloth.
Add a little water to used tea leaves and used them to clean glass and window panes for sparkling results.
To remove stains from vessels, rub it with a wet cloth dipped in baking soda.
To remove stains from brassware dip it in tamarind water for some time and wash it and then polish it using brasso.
To remove tea or coffee stains from steel cups clean it with salt water.
To clean non stick pans easily, pour some warm water into it and keep it for some time and then wash it with any detergent.
To remove the smell of masala form mixi, put few pieces of dry bread and powder it.

Bharat Ratna Award

India has produced a legacy of brave hearts since times immemorial. Probably there is not enough space to measure their sacrifices. However, we cannot close our eyes to those people who have made our country proud by excelling in their own fields and bringing us international recognition. Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour, given for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science, and in recognition of Public Service of the highest order. The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. This design was altered after a year. The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award.

Bharat Ratna Award Bharat Ratna Award (Reverse Side)

Bharat Ratna Awardees
Sr. No. NAME SUBJECT YEAR COUNTRY
40 Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar Arts 2001 India
39 Late. Ustad Bismillah Khan Arts 2001 India
38 Prof. Amartya Sen Literature & Education 1999 United Kingdom
37 Lokpriya Gopinath (posth.) Bordoloi Public Affairs 1999 India
36 Loknayak Jayprakash (Posth.) Narayan Public Affairs 1999 India
35 Pandit Ravi Shankar Arts 1999 United States
34 Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam Public Affairs 1998 India
33 Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi Arts 1998 India
32 Shri (Dr.) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Science & Engineering 1997 India
31 Smt. Aruna Asaf (Posth.) Ali Public Affairs 1997 India
30 Shri Gulzari Lal (Shri) Nanda Public Affairs 1997 India
29 Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata Trade & Industry 1992 India
28 Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Public Affairs 1992 India
27 Shri Satyajit Ray Arts 1992 India
26 Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai Public Affairs 1991 India
25 Shri Rajiv Gandhi Public Affairs 1991 India
24 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Public Affairs 1991 India
23 Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr Public Affairs 1990 India
22 Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Public Affairs 1990 South Africa
21 Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran Public Affairs 1988 India
20 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Social Work 1987 Pakistan
19 Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave Social Work 1983 India
18 Mother Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu Teresa Social Work 1980 India
17 Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj Public Affairs 1976 India
16 Shri V.V. Giri Public Affairs 1975 India
15 Smt. Indira Gandhi Public Affairs 1971 India
14 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Public Affairs 1966 India
13 Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane Social Work 1963 India
12 Dr. Zakir Hussain Public Affairs 1963 India
11 Dr. Rajendra Prasad Public Affairs 1962 India
10 Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Public Affairs 1961 India
09 Shri Purushottam Das Tandon Public Affairs 1961 India
08 Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve Social Work 1958 India
07 Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant Public Affairs 1957 India
06 Dr. Bhagwan Das Literature & Education 1955 India
05 Shri Jawaharlal Nehru Public Affairs 1955 India
04 Dr. M. Vishweshwariah Civil Service 1955 India
03 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari Public Affairs 1954 India
02 Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Science & Engineering 1954 India
01 Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Public Affairs 1954 India

COOL PJs

1. A scientist disconnected his doorbell....... can u guess why???
Cos he wanted to win the No-bell prize!!!!!!!!!!
2. Who is the only Aussie cricketer who always smiles, even if he is declared out???
Hussey..............
3. What did the policeman say when he arrested Hussey???
Hussey to phasi !!!!
4. Ship tha..jisme bahut saare log the...usme ek chor bhi tha..ship iceberg se takra gayi or sab dhub gaye ...sirf chor bacch gaya batao kaise?
kyun ki chor ki daadhi me tinka tha..
dhubte hue ko tinka ka sahara mil gaya ...
or chor bachh gaya
5. Ek Kana Ladka Kisi ladki ko Prapose kare to kaun sa gana Gayega???????
Ek Nazar se b Pyar Hot a hai Maine suna Hai...............................................
6. Highly complicated PJ - wat wud an angrez say to his indian naukar who can only understand hindi if he wants him 2 open the door!!
"There Was A Cold Day "(say it fast)
7. What is the colour of frequency??
Purple
how ?? frequency ka unit hai Hz u can write it as 1/sec ie. par second in hindi second
is also caled as pal therefore
PARPAL
8. Sholay movie mai kis ka double role tha?
King George .coin ke dono side rehta hai
9. according to movie Sholay who is son of lion.............
HOLI Gabbar bolta hai na
holi cub hai cub hai holi (cub)

Beautiful Photos

Bittu's Collection of Beautiful Pictures of her favorite characters

Facts On India

Official Name : Bharat (Hindi), Republic of India (English)
Capital : New Delhi
Population : 1, 027, 015, 247 (2001 Census)
Area : 3.3 million square kilometers
Geographical Location : Between latitudes 8 ° 4' and 37 ° 6 ' north and longitudes 68 ° 7 ' and 97° 25' east
Coastline Length : 7600 km
Major Religions : Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism
Literacy : 65.38%
President : Pratibha Patil
Prime Minister : Dr. Manmohan Singh
National Anthem : Jan gana mana written by Rabindranath Tagore
National Song : Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji
National Emblem : Replica of the Lion Capital of Sarnath
National Animal : Tiger (Panthera tigris)
National Bird : Peacock
National Flower : Lotus
National Tree : Banyan
National Fruit : Mango
National Currency : Rupee (One Rupee=100 paise)
National Sport : Hockey
Languages : India has two National languages (Central administrative). They are English (associate official) and Hindi (in the Devanagiri script). The Indian Constitution also officially recognizes 22 regional languages.
National Flag : Horizontal tricolor in equal proportion of deep saffron on the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom. In the center of the white band is a wheel in navy blue color

CHILD RIGHTS

SAVE THE CHILD RIGHTS

7 reasons the world will end in 2012

Scientific experts from around the world are genuinely predicting that five years from now, all life on Earth could well finish. Some are saying it'll be humans that set it off. Others believe that a natural phenomenon will be the cause. And the religious folks are saying it'll be God himself who presses the stop button...

1. Mayan Calendar

The first mob to predict 2012 as the end of the world were the Mayans, a bloodthirsty race that were good at two things: Building highly accurate astrological equipment out of stone and Sacrificing Virgins. Thousands of years ago they managed to calculate the length of the lunar moon as 329.53020 days, only 34 seconds out. The Mayan calendar predicts that the Earth will end on December 21, 2012. Given that they were pretty close to the mark with the lunar cycle, it's likely they've got the end of the world right as well.

2. Sun Storms

Solar experts from around the world monitoring the sun have made a startling discovery: our sun is in a bit of strife. The energy output of the sun is, like most things in nature, cyclic, and it's supposed to be in the middle of a period of relative stability. However, recent solar storms have been bombarding the Earth with so much radiation energy, it's been knocking out power grids and destroying satellites. This activity is predicted to get worse, and calculations suggest it'll reach its deadly peak sometime in 2012

3. The Atom Smasher
Scientists in Europe have been building the world's largest particle accelerator. Basically its a 27km tunnel designed to smash atoms together to find out what makes the Universe tick. However, the mega-gadget has caused serious concern, with some scientists suggesting that it's properly even a bad idea to turn it on in the first place. They're predicting all manner of deadly results, including mini black holes. So when this machine is fired up for its first serious experiment in 2012, the world could be crushed into a super-dense blob the size of a basketball.

4. The Bible says...
If having scientists warning us about the end of the world isn't bad enough, religious folks are getting in on the act as well. Interpretations of the Christian Bible reveal that the date for Armageddon, the final battle between Good and Evil, has been set down for 2012. The I Ching, also known as the Chinese book of Changes, says the same thing, as do various sections of the Hindu teachings.

5. Super Volcano

Yellowstone National Park in the United States is famous for its thermal springs and Old Faithful geyser. The reason for this is simple - it's sitting on top of the world's biggest volcano, and geological experts are beginning to get nervous sweats. The Yellowstone volcano has a pattern of erupting every 650,000 years or so, and we're many years overdue for an explosion that will fill the atmosphere with ash, blocking the sun and plunging the Earth into a frozen winter that could last up to 15,000 years. The pressure under the Yellowstone is building steadily, and geologists have set 2012 as a likely date for the big bang.

6. The Physicists
This one's case of bog-simple maths mathematics. Physicists at Berkeley University have been crunching the numbers and they've determined that the Earth is well overdue for a major catastrophic event. Even worse, they're claiming their calculations proves, that we're all going to die, very soon - while also saying their prediction comes with a certainty of 99 percent- and 2012 just happens to be the best guess as to when it occurs.

7. Slip-Slop-Slap- BANG!
We all know the Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field that shields us from most of the sun's radiation. What you might not know is that the magnetic poles we call north and south have a nasty habit of swapping places every 750,000 years or so - and right now we're about 30,000 years overdue. Scientists have noted that the poles are drifting apart roughly 20-30kms each year, much faster than ever before, which points to a pole-shift being right around the corner. While the pole shift is underway, the magnetic field is disrupted and will eventually disappear, sometimes for up to 100 years. The result is enough UV outdoors to crisp your skin in seconds, killing everything it touches

FLY ASH

FLY ASH PERFORMANCE
Enhancing Concrete Workability
The difference between fly ash and portland cement is apparent under a microscope. Fly ash particles are smaller and almost totally spherical in shape, allowing them to fill voids, flow easily, and blend freely in mixtures. Additionally, when water is added to portland cement, it creates two products: a durable binder that glues concrete aggregates together and free lime. Fly ash reacts with this free lime to create more of the desirable binder.





The “ball-bearing” effect of fly ash particles creates a lubricating action when concrete is in its plastic state.

This creates benefits in:
Workability. Concrete is easier to place with less effort, responding better to vibration to fill forms more completely.
Ease of Pumping. Pumping requires less energy and longer pumping distances are possible.
Improved Finishing. Sharp, clear architectural definition is easier to achieve, with less worry about in-place integrity.
Reduced Bleeding. Fewer bleed channels decrease permeability and chemical attack. Bleed streaking is reduced for architectural finishes.
Reduced Segregation. Improved cohesiveness of fly ash concrete reduces segregation that can lead to rock pockets and blemishes.

Increasing Concrete PerformanceIn its hardened state, fly ash creates additional benefits for concrete, including:
Higher Strength. Fly ash continues to combine with free lime, increasing compressive strength over time.
Decreased Permeability. Increased density and long term pozzolanic action of fly ash, which ties up free lime, results in fewer bleed channels and decreases permeability.
Increased Durability. Dense fly ash concrete helps keep aggressive compounds on the surface, where destructive action is lessened. Fly ash concrete is also more resistant to attack by sulfate, mild acid, soft (lime hungry) water, and seawater.
Reduced Sulfate Attack. Fly ash ties up free lime that can combine with sulfates to create destructive expansion.
Reduced Efflorescence. Fly ash chemically binds free lime and salts that can create efflorescence, and dense concrete holds efflorescence producing compounds on the inside.
Reduced Shrinkage. The largest contributor to drying shrinkage is water content. The lubricating action of fly ash reduces water content and drying shrinkage.
Reduced Heat of Hydration. The pozzolanic reaction between fly ash and lime generates less heat, resulting in reduced thermal cracking when fly ash is used to replace portland cement.
Reduced Alkali Silica Reactivity. Fly ash combines with alkalis from cement that might otherwise combine with silica from aggregates, causing destructive expansion.

HAPPY HOLI

HAPPY & COLOURFUL HOLI TO ALL OF YOU

Lord Ganesha Symbolism

Lord Ganesha gives us many moral learning. Simply follow the learings and make significant changes in life

Dream Car & Bike

Basics for Stress free life

1. Drink plenty of water.
2. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a beggar.
3. Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.
4. Live with the 3 E's -- Energy, Enthusiasm, and Empathy.
5. Make time to practice meditation, yoga, and prayer.
6. Play more games.
7. Read more books than you did in 2008.
8. Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each day.
9. Sleep for 7 hours.
10. Take a 10-30 minutes walk every day. And while you walk, smile.

24 JAIN TIRTHANKARAS

1. Lord Rishabhdev
He had a sign of an ox on his thigh. The mother Marudeva had seen 14 dreams, of which the first was that of an ox. He started the religion after a time span of 18 koda Kodi Sagaropam (Sagaropam itself is almost an innumerable number, therefore 18 KodaKodi sagaropam is a countless number) Therefore, he was known as Adinath also (The first one)
2. Lord Ajitnath
When mother Vijaya Rani and Father Jitshatru were playing chess; the queen was winning and winning. She did not lose. Likewise, the Lord did not lose. He won the enemies like love and hates.
3. Lord Sambhavnath
On his birth, there was plenty of crops everywhere. There was no famine, or draught. All these characteristics were of a good person. Therefore he was known as Sambhavnath.
4. Lord Abhinandan Swami
When he was conceived in mother’s womb, Lord Indra made frequent visits and praised Him. People in the family and the state became happy and they congratulated each other. So his name was decided
5. Lord Sumatinat
Once mother, while finding solution to a very difficult problem, got good intellect and she could resolve the conflict peacefully. so he was good 'Mati'. He was known as Sumatinat.
6. Lord Padmaprabh
The mother desired to sleep on lotus leaf. The lord also was as unattached as Lotus flower
7. Lord Suparshvanath
The mother had a disease on both the sides, but when the Lord Supashva was conceived , she was totally cured and became glittering like gold.
8. Lord Chandra Prabha Swami
Mother had a desire to drink the nectar from moon. She had a feeling of coolness.
9. Lord Suvidhinath
When He was in mother’s womb, he had desire to perform good deeds. He became one performing good deeds.
10. Lord Shitalnath
The father had a very strong burning fever, which could be calmed down by a cool touch of his mother. He also cooled down threefold burnings of the world.
11. Lord Shreyanshnath
There was a bed, set out by some God. It was worshipped, but could not be taken in use. The mother used in but nothing happened due to the great Lord’s grace, who was in the womb. On the contrary the world became happyier
12. Lord Vasupujya
Indra made Frequent showers of diamonds / Wealth. He got the name Vasupujya from the name of His father Vasudev.
13. Lord Vimalnath
When He was in mother's womb, both the body and the mind became pure with his grace. The Lord, destroyed the unclean karmas with purity of this mind.
14. Lord Anantnath
The mother had a dream of a garland made from numerous precious giens likewise, with a thread within innumerable knots, the fever and other illness of people disappeared. The Lord performed worship for indefinite period, for three fold jwelves
15. Lord Dharmanath
The mother became more prone to religion. The lord himself was by nature prone to religion
16. Lord Shantinath
When he was in mother’s womb, all the disease and misdeeds disappeared. There was peace all around.
17. Lord Kunthunath
In a dream, a big pillar made from Jewellary was seen. The enemies became as small as ‘Kunthu’ Besides small tiny creatures were taken care of by the Lord.
18. Lord Arnath
In the dream was seen the wheel with jewel and the pillar. This resulted in growth of the dynasty.
19. Lord Mallinath
The mother had a desire to sleep in a bed decorated with flowers of all the six seasons. This desire was fulfilled by Gods. The lord won the Moha etc.
20. Lord Munisuvrat Swami
Mother had a desire to keep best vows; and she kept 12 such vows.
21. Lord Naminath
When the mother was moving on the fort, her luster could not be seen and faced by the enemies. They bowed down. The lord also got the love and hatred bowed down to him.
22. Lord Neminath (Lord Aristhnemi)
Aristha means black jewel. Mother saw such black jewel saw a shining wheel. The lord is also as good as sharp edge of the Religious wheel to destroy the Karmas.
23. Lord Parshvanath
Mother saw a snake passing by a bed of the king without doing any injury (biting) to the king.
24. Lord Mahavir SwamiLord Vardhman
There was a constant increase in wealth, crops, prosperity, achievements etc., parents grew with more and more fame. The Lord became fearless, firm and brave.

HEALTH TIPS

Answer the phone by LEFT ear.
Do not drink coffee TWICE a day.
Do not take pills with COOL water.
Do not have HUGE meals after 5pm.
Reduce the amount of OILY food you consume.
Drink more WATER in the morning, less at night.
Keep your distance from hand phone CHARGERS.
Do not use headphones/earphone for LONG period of time.
Best sleeping time is from 10pm at night to 6am in the morning.
Do not lie down immediately after taking medicine before sleeping.
When battery is down to the LAST grid/bar, do not answer the phone as the radiation is 1000 times.

Lord Ganesha

This is special photo of LORD GANESHA.

Keeping this photo with you will bring good luck.

Servival of fittest

World's most innocent creature

Speech by Bryan Dyson (CEO of Coca Cola)

"Imagine life as a game in which you are juggling some five balls in the air. You name them - work, family, health, friends and spirit and you're keeping all of these in the air.
You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball.
If you drop it, it will bounce back.
But the other four Balls - family, health, friends and spirit - are made of glass. If you drop one of these; they will be irrevocably scuffed, marked, nicked, damaged or even shattered. They will never be the same. You must understand that and strive for Balance in your life."

Good new for civil engineers

As the country builds or upgrades over 68,000 km of national highways, more than 35 airports, two dozen of the biggest railway stations, countrywide freight corridors, a whole new hospitality and housing industry, it's faced with a critical roadblock: an alarming dearth of civil engineers, the skilled professionals who are needed to put each building block in its precise place.
Industry experts estimate that India faces a shortage of over 70,000 civil engineers each year. Not surprising, when you have just one in ten IIT students opting for the civil engineering discipline and only 200 of the 1700 engineering colleges approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) offer the course.
All IITs taken together graduate barely 500-600 civil engineering students and estimates are that not more than a total of 10,000 civil engineers are created in India per year. In fact, between a third and a half of all civil engineering undergraduates either drop off that stream soon after college and take up the more lucrative IT sector. That explains why private engineering colleges have either been reducing civil engineering seats or just shutting down this department over the last few years.
How civil engineering lost the battle over the last two decades is a story of how bricks and mortar lost their glamour to clicks - the IT boom, fuelled by a growing army of footsoldiers in computer science and electronics reduced civil engineering to an "old economy" discipline.
With heftier pay packets and global opportunities offered by the IT industry, an entire generation of engineering students/aspirants switched over from traditional engineering disciplines to the newer ones. In this churning, civil engineering finally ended at the bottom of the student's wishlist while computer science, biotechnology and electronics engineering raced up. Even those who would get civil engineering in an IIT, for example - based on their rank in the joint entrance examination - were dropping out if they got computers at a lesser-reputed college.
"So the demand steadily dropped and colleges started to shut down the civil engineering departments. Most of them replaced it with IT/electronics or communication courses that offer higher salaries. Of the total 1700 engineering colleges, just some 200 would probably be offering civil engineering as a discipline," says Prof Harish C Rai , Advisor, Engineering & Technology Bureau, AICTE.
K A N Prasad, Director General, National Construction Academy points out how in Hyderabad itself, of a total 50 colleges barely seven offer Civil Engineering. "Students are attracted to the IT industry instead as the salaries they pay is so much higher than one can expect in civil engineering. While this has been the scenario for a really long time, it changed only recently after the national highway development programme and JNUURM schemes came in along with a huge demand for civil engineers in the Middle East. So now while there are hiked pay packets, it will be some time before there are new civil engineers to take these up", says Prasad.
The effect of the shortage is being felt across the infrastructure sector and is affecting both the progress and quality of construction. Consultants and contractors alike are complaining about the lack of engineers and more importantly, the lack of "good engineers."
"Skills imparted to a civil engineer are unique and critical. Basically the skills related to structure and design are common between civil, mechanical and aerospace engineers. However, construction on land involves a good understanding of concrete, building material, reinforcement rods and so on and only civil engineers are equipped with this skill," says Ravi Sinha, professor at IIT Mumbai's Civil Engineering department. "Various construction technologies are also something only a civil engineer knows...While a civil engineer can easily move into the mechanical and other engineering disciplines, the latter cannot walk in so easily into his professional domain."
Result: a windfall for retired civil engineers, especially those from the government, including defence services and PWDs. In fact, several top construction firms have re-employed ex-servicemen to head important projects or supervise construction. A private firm recently filled up its entire board with ex-CPWD/PWD engineers paying them six times more than their last pay package. The result was a turnover that rose 15 times over in a year.
"The value of experienced civil engineers is high at present. While there are few newcomers, the ex-CPWD/PWD or army engineering corps officials are quickly being absorbed by the construction industry. With their volume of work experience, ability to understand and function with the government bidding process and an enabling private sector environment in place, these officials perform spectacularly well and can easily head and handle big projects", says Sanjeev Ralhan, Co-ordinator, Builders Association of India (BAI).
6/6/2008 http://in.news.yahoo.com/indianexpress/20080606/r_t_ie_nl_general/tnl-as-new-india-b...
Page 2 of 2 Print Story: As new India builds, desperately wanted: civil engineers, thousands of the...
Many government sector civil engineers have also taken voluntary retirement to move over to the private sector of late. So it falls in place when Indian Roads Congress (IRC) officials say that 30-40% of civil engineering posts across the government sector are lying vacant including at the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) that is at the forefront of the massive highway upgradation exercise.
For the 35 civil engineering vacancies at the Army's Chennai-based Officers Training Academy (OTA) in Chennai this year, not a single candidate was found good enough to make it to the merit list.
Few students means few faculty and few resources - the vicious circle, experts say, shows up in the quality of the civil engineering course too. Industry experts say that there is also a wide gap between what is being taught at most private engineering colleges in the country and what contractor/employers are looking for.
With all new infrastructure projects now follow the Public Private partnership (PPP) models on Build Operate Transfer (BOT) basis and many with international funding, civil engineers today need to come equipped with a new set of skills.
Says R P Arora, General Secretary, Builders Association of India: "We do not find soundly trained people, especially newly trained people. At engineering colleges, the syllabus is yet to reflect the new trends and technology being used. Colleges are not equipped with faculty good enough to teach these."
Jagpal Singh, Consultant, Punj Llyod Ltd, and a board member of the Construction Industry Development Company (CIDC) agrees with Arora. "We are facing a shortage of good engineers. Those being churned out are either not up-to-date or not committed."
Engineering teachers say this has a lot to do with AICTE-approved engineering colleges. "Most of the private colleges are governed by the very rigid AICTE curriculum in which updating is a very tedious process. So while it is difficult to get changes through in the first place, the faculty in these colleges is also opposed to changes in curriculum because many are not suited to teaching upgraded versions," says an IIT civil engineering professor.
Experts say that the only way to break the vicious circle is when campuses realise the shortage and industry brings in higher salaries comparable to other engineering disciplines. This is already happening, say engineering professors. "Given that civil engineering today is so dependent on new technology of materials and computer-aided design," says an IIT civil engineering professor, "students don't feel that they are somehow cut off from what's the latest in engineering. The current shortage has to be addressed through a variety of ways but the most positive news is that today, there is a market and we know there will be one tomorrow as well."